CONFESSIONS OF A STREET ADDICT by James J. Cramer Simon
& Schuster, $26.00
TRADING WITH THE ENEMY: Seduction and Betrayal on Jim
Cramer's Wall Street by Nicholas W. Maier HarperCollins,
$22.95
JAMES J. CRAMER IS SO THOROUGHLY A MAN of his age
that the Museum of the City of New York ought to stuff
him now for future exhibition. The bedrock of the
Bozo-haired, gruff-talking, Harvard-educated Cramer's
reputation is the highly profitable Wall Street hedge
fund he ran from 1987 to 2000, but he is much more:
investor, gambler, tout, journalist, celebrity. Just as
Edith Wharton's characters perfectly exemplify the
Gilded Age, Cramer will represent to future generations
all our splendid contradictions: brilliant and
short-sighted, vain and confessional, mean and
sentimental, likable and frightening.
Like Bill Clinton, Cramer characterizes the Baby
Boomer wait of wanting to prove to everyone that he's smarter
than they are, and at the same time be loved for it. It is an
elusive objective. Cramer, who on tumultuous trading days has
been known to post his pensees on his Web site up to 12 times a
day, is clearly a man who values his own opinions (as,
obviously, do his investors, subscribers, bookers, and various
television executives, most recently CNBC, where he co-hosts the
program America Now with Lawrence Kudlow). Now, presumably at
mid-career, he has given us a memoir, Confessions of a Street
Addict. It's an entertaining book, as far as it goes. Cramer has
had many adventures and triumphs, and he is a considerate and
often amusing guide to what the Wall Street game looks like from
perches high and inside. At the same time, the book often feels
like an iceberg: It still seems like the bigger chunk of the
story, whether about the man or the arena, remains beneath the
surface.
Cramer's first claim to fame, his hedge
fund, is essentially a legally
sanctioned stock gambling club. Because
the law considers hedge funds to be
high-risk propositions, they are set up
so only the very rich can play. Some
number of them form a limited
partnership under the leadership of a
sharpie like Cramer, who invests funds
on their behalf, not by identifying and
backing good, well-managed companies,
but by finding out information, from
sources far and wide, published and
whispered. It doesn't matter to hedge
fund managers whether the news is good
or bad; they just as happily bet against
companies as for them, hoping to wring a
profit from the short-term ups and
downs. Either way, they spend their days
frantically buying and selling, selling
and buying, holding onto little for very
long, squirreling away the profits.
I don't know if one has to be
monomaniacal to be good at this, but
Cramer was top-notch, and he suited up
for work every day as if it were up to
him and Mel Gibson to drive the English
out of Scotland. ("I couldn't bear to be
down for a day, let alone a month or a
quarter.") Doing the job required not
only a vast amount of
preparation--Cramer says he got up at
3:30 a.m. daily to start reading--but
also, once the wading day commenced, a
fanatically single-minded determination
to wring the maximum profit it out of
each wade. Cramer had to make dozens of
million-dollar judgments before lunch
every day; and he wanted to be right
about each one.
Running such a demanding fund in such a
demanding way would be load enough for
most men. Not Cramer. Even as he was
running his fund, he became a financial
pundit, writing articles for Smart
Money, Time, and other publications, as
well as appearing on CNBC, Good Morning
America, and elsewhere. If that wasn't
enough, in 1996 Cramer tried to get in
on the Internet. He and Martin Peretz,
co-owner of The New Republic and the
cornerstone investor of Cramer's hedge
fund, founded the financial Web site
TheStreet.com.
In this process of becoming rich,
successful, and famous, Cramer also
became a jerk. He admits to juicing
stocks and flipping IPOs, stuff that one
shouldn't do, dismissing it as so much
everybody-does-it "chicanery." He admits
that he talked stock at his mother's
funeral. When his daughter was being
rushed to a hospital, he told his wife
he couldn't go because he was shooting a
commercial. (He came to his senses a few
moments later.) He talks about feeling
so guilty about being investigated for
not disclosing his holdings in stocks he
was writing about (inadvertently, he
insists) that he started drinking so
much that he got completely blotto and
puked volcanically all over his guests
at a surprise birthday party.
We also know this side of Cramer from
another new book, Nicholas W. Maier's
Trading with the Enemy: Seduction and
Betrayal on Jim Cramer's Wall Street,
whose tendentious, oversold title tips
its contents. In 1994, Maier was a
largely directionless college graduate
with a mild interest in the market,
fairly unexceptional in every respect
except in having parents who were
neighbors of Martin Peretz. In the easy,
seigniorial way rich people and Mafia
dons have of dispensing favors, Peretz
sent Maier to Cramer, who hired young
Nick at a station at once menial and
above his abilities. Maier eventually
grew competent and then, later, fed up.
He describes Cramer as a mean, volatile,
abusive, nasty boss, given to tantrums
emphasized by the heaving of computer
equipment.
The book is incredibly naive--somewhere
there may be a man who is a hero to his
valet, but there is no boss whose
tender, callow, insecure junior staff
feels that he or she really recognizes
their great pools of talent and
ability--but that doesn't mean it isn't
credible. I believe Cramer behaved like
a jerk; he admits he was, though
obliquely and screened with
self-justifications ("To make the hired
folk feel the pain when they botch the
job and go long on a bum stock ... to me
there is no stronger way to drive the
point home than writing out the symbol
of the piece-of-garbage stock on a
Post-It and making the poor slob who
picked it stick the Post-It on his
forehead and wear it all day until I
felt the shame had registered.") But it
is the nature of bosses to behave this
way--well, not this exact way--at least
sometimes. Maier made a lot of money
working for Cramer. Few of us are as
well subsidized when we learn our life
lessons. He should shut up.
It's Cramer who should talk more.
He's clearly embarrassed by a lot of his
excessive behavior. He rationalizes some
of it and excuses some of it and simply
regrets some more, but never does he
really explain why he drove himself to
behave the way he did. He often looks
like a nearly out-of-control person
whose only limit was what he thought he
could get away with. In one especially
dark story, the editor-in-chief of
TheStreet.com (who Cramer later
discovers is "an alcoholic [who] had to
be fired immediately") suggests to
Cramer that they cut Peretz--Cramer's
partner and patron--out of the
decision-making process. Cramer,
apparently without hesitation, agreed;
eventually, he reaped the whirlwind.
Cramer makes no effort now to justify
his bad behavior, but he also doesn't
explain why he committed such a rash,
risky, treacherous act. Though he calls
himself an addict in the book's title,
the term is treated mostly as a
metaphor. Yet the book is filled with
examples of self-destructive behavior,
which Cramer treats more as crosses to
bear or inexplicable mistakes than as a
pattern of pathologies justified because
the perpetrator kept malting money and
TV appearances.
It's in light of these transgressions
that we must view Maier's more
sensational charges. He originally
alleged that Cramer used inside
information to profit by trading in
shares of a company called Western
Digital, and that he was investigated by
securities regulators. Maier also wrote
that Cramer manipulated CNBC reporters
by giving them information about a
company whose stock he wanted to trade.
When Cramer threatened to sue for libel,
Maier's publisher, HarperCollins, pulled
the book from the stores and printed a
new edition that deleted only the
material about Western Digital, saying
that it stood by the rest of the
material. In an interview, Maier says
his big mistake was simply confusing the
names of two companies. Well, whatever.
The odd thing is that the accusation
gains no special credibility from what
Maier says about Cramer, but from what
Cramer says about himself. "Who would
come in and handle the pressure when I
[said] `Let's see how fast we can make
him cry?' ... Who could take my
incessant badgering about how I would
never forgive them or their children for
losing my partners' money? ... Only
someone who knew I paid $10,000 bonuses
on the spot for good ideas ... Only
someone who knew I paid my assistant a
half million bucks to take the abuse I
dealt out ... Someone who wanted to be
right and be paid more than he would be
anywhere else on earth to be right."
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